Foreign Relations,
Foreign Relations, 1969-1976, Documents on South Asia, 1969-1972
Released by the Office of the Historian
Department of
State TELEGRAM
O 080700Z JUL 72
FM AMEMBASSY
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 8994
BT
SECTION 1 OF 3
001729Q
July 8, 1972 7:32 a.m.
CONTO 262
DEPARTMENT PLEASE PASS
AMEMBASSIES
WHITE HOUSE FOR MRS.
DAVIS
TREASURY FOR MR. DIXON
STATE FOR S/S, A/OPR, NEA
SUBJECT: SECRETARY
CONNALLY TRAVEL
MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION
FROM MEETING WITH
1. AT THE OUTSET THE
CONVERSATION WHICH I HELD ALONE WITH SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN EXTENDED PRESIDENT
NIXON'S GREETINGS AND COMPLIMENTED
2. ALMOST FROM THE OUTSET,
SHEIKH MUJIBUR STARTED WITH A LONG IMPASSIONED RECOUNT OF WHAT HAD HAPPENED TO
THE BENGALIS IN THE LAST 18 MONTHS. HE APOLOGIZED AT LEAST FOUR TIMES DURING
THIS RECOUNT FOR GETTING INTO IT- FOR TALKING ABOUT IT. QUOTE I KNOW I AM
TELLING YOU INFORMATION YOU ALREADY KNOW. UNQUOTE AND ON ANOTHER OCCASION:
QUOTE I DON'T WANT TO BORE YOU BUT I MUST RECOUNT SOME OF THESE THINGS FOR YOU.
UNQUOTE.
3. HE TALKED ABOUT THE
4. HE SAID WHEN HE GOT
OUT OF JAIL AND CAME HOME THAT HE FOUND SHEER CHAOS. HE WANTED TO THANK
PRESIDENT NIXON AND THE
5. HE FOUND MANY OF THE
TEACHERS, MANY OF THE PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE, MANY CIVIL SERVANTS HAD BEEN TORTURED
AND KILLED IN THE MOST CRUEL AND INHUMANE FASHION. IN ONE OF THE HOSPITALS IN
6. HE THEN RECOUNTED HIS
OWN POLITICAL EXPERIENCES IN HIS OWN LIFE AFTER RECALLING THE TRIALS OF THE
BENGALIS AND THEIR QUEST FOR FREEDOM DATING BACK TO 1885 WHEN THEY FIRST LED A
REVOLT AGAINST THE BRITISH. HE TALKED ABOUT HIS OWN EXPERIENCES OF BEING
JAILED- THAT HE HAD RETURNED AFTER THE CEASE FIRE TO A DEVASTATED LAND TO TRY
TO PICK UP THE PIECES AND LEAD HIS PEOPLE INTO A PERIOD OF PEACE AND
TRANQUILITY AND PROGRESS. HE OBVIOUSLY HAD VERY DIFFICULT PROBLEMS OF LAW AND
ORDER. THERE WERE STILL GUERRILLAS IN THE LAND. HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE
HAD BEEN ARMED. HE HAD TRAVELLED THE COUNTRY APPEALING FOR THE BENGALIS TO TURN
IN THEIR ARMS AND OVER 200,000 RIFLES HAD BEEN TURNED IN AND HE USED THESE
WEAPONS TO ARM THE ARMY AND THE POLICE FORCE IN ALL THE VILLAGES. HE FOUND THAT
MANY OF HIS POLICEMEN HAD BEEN KILLED BY THE PAKISTANIS ALONG WITH THE CIVIL
SERVANTS, THE PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE, THE EDUCATORS, THE
INTELLECTUALS. THE ATROCITIES WERE AIMED AT THE POLICE FORCE ALSO. HE SAID
QUOTEI CANNOT SAY THAT ALL OF THE ARMS HAVE BEEN TURNED IN -- I THINK NO. UNQUOTE. BUT RELATIVE PEACE HAD BEEN RESTORED AND
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OBTAINED IN MOST OF THE COUNTRY. THEY WERE TRYING TO GET
FOOD TO THEIR PEOPLE AND HE WAS VERY AWARE AND GRATEFUL FOR THE ASSISTANCE FROM
THE UNITED STATES -- THE RELIEF AND REHABILITATION, THE FOOD AND FUNDS
SUPPLIED. THEIR PROBLEM WAS ONE OF GETTING IT DISTRIBUTED BECAUSE THE PORTS
WERE CLOGGED, THE TRUCKS DESTROYED, THE FACILITIES GONE. IT HAD BEEN TERRIBLE
AND DIFFICULT, THE POSITION IN WHICH THEY FOUND THEMSELVES.
7. AT THIS POINT I SAID
TO HIM THAT HE WAS OBVIOUSLY VERY MOVED AND FELT VERY DEEPLY ABOUT WHAT HAD
TRANSPIRED. I ASKED IF UNDER THESE CIRCUMSTANCES HE COULD WITH EQUILIBRIUM SIT
DOWN AND DISCUSS IN A VERY RATIONAL MANNER WITH PRESIDENT BHUTTO THE RESOLUTION
OF SOME OF THEIR PROBLEMS IN THE EVENT THE CIRCUMSTANCES PRESENTED THEMSELVES.
HE SAID HE COULD BUT NOT UNTIL BHUTTO FIRST RECOGNIZED
8. I TOLD HIM THAT WE
DID NOT WANT TO INTRUDE ON THE SITUATION OR INJECT OURSELVES INTO THE
DISCUSSION OF THE MANY PROBLEMS THAT EXISTED. BUT I NONETHELESS WONDERED
WHETHER MATTERS COULD BE STRUCTURED IN SUCH
9. TO MY SURPRISE, HE
INDICATED THAT THE RETURN OF THE BENGALIS
BT
NOTE: NOT PASSED AMEMBASSIES
Department of
State TELEGRAM
O 080700Z JUL 72
FM AMEMBASSY
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 8995
BT
SECTION 2 OF 3
001735Q July 8, 1972
8:24 a.m.
NODIS
CONTO 262
IN
10. I EXPRESSED THE VIEW
THAT ALTHOUGH WE WERE NOT GOING TO INVOLVE OURSELVES, IT WAS OUR HOPE -- AND I
WOULD EXPRESS THE SAME HOPE TO MRS. GANDHI AND PRESIDENT BHUTTO -- THAT NONE OF
THEM DO ANYTHING WHICH WOULD MAKE IT MORE DIFFICULT FOR A RATIONAL DISCUSSION
TO BE HELD AND HOPEFULLY AN ACCEPTABLE SOLUTION REACHED TO THE VERY EMOTIONAL
AND DIFFICULT PROBLEMS WHICH FACED THE SUB-CONTINENT.
11. I THEN ASKED WHAT HE
PLANNED TO DO WITH RESPECT TO THE PRISONERS OF WAR. FROM THE PRESS ACCOUNTS HE
WAS DEMANDING THAT THERE BE TRIALS. HE SAID: QUOTE WE MUST TRY THEM. THEY MUST
PAY FOR THESE CRIMES. NOT ALL 1500 BUT MAYBE 300, MAYBE 200, OR MAYBE 100, BUT
WE MUST HAVE SOME TRIALS. THEY MUST BE TRIED ON THIS SOIL FOR THE CRIMES
COMMITTED ON THIS SOIL. UNQUOTE.
12. HE SAID SOME TRIALS
WERE INEVITABLE AND IT WAS INEVITABLE THAT
13. WE WERE HAVING A
VERY OPEN AND FRANK DISCUSSION AND AT THIS POINT I TOLD HIM THAT I WELL
UNDERSTOOD THE DEPTH OF HIS FEELINGS ABOUT ALL THAT HAD OCCURRED. I KNEW THAT
MANY OF HIS PEOPLE, INCLUDING HIS FOREIGN MINISTER WITH WHOM I HAD TALKED, FELT
THAT THE UNITED STATES HAD SIDED WITH THE PAKISTANIS IN THEIR STRUGGLE. PERHAPS
HE FELT THE SAME WAY. HE SAID HE DID, BUT WHAT WAS PAST IS PAST. I RESPONDED BY
SAYING THAT IN ALL FAIRNESS I FELT HE SHOULD KNOW THAT WE IN THE UNITED STATES
DID NOT FEEL WE HAD SIDED WITH THE PAKISTANIS AGAINST HIM. I SAID I UNDERSTOOD
HIS FEELING BUT I HOPED HE WOULD ACCEPT THE TRUTH AND SINCERITY WITH WHICH I
SPOKE IN THAT WE DID NOT FEEL THAT WE HAD SIDED AGAINST HIM. WE HAD TRIED TO DO
EVERYTHING IN OUR POWER TO BRING ABOUT A PEACEFUL RESOLUTION OF A RAPIDLY
DETERIORATING POLITICAL SITUATION. WE HOPED WE COULD AVERT A WAR. WE FELT THAT
IT WOULD BE THE WORST OF ALL ENDINGS BUT WE FAILED. INEVITABLY WE WERE IN THE
POSTURE OF BEING IN THE MIDDLE AND, EVEN THOUGH WE TRIED TO HELP REACH AN
AMICABLE SOLUTION, THE PAKISTANIS ALSO FELT THAT WE FAILED TO SUPPORT THEM.
THIS WAS UNFORTUNATELY THE POSITION OF A MEDIATOR WHEN HIS EFFORTS FAIL AND WAR
ERUPTS.
14. HE RESPONDED BY
SAYING THAT IT DID NO GOOD TO RELIVE THE PAST AND WHAT WAS OVER WAS OVER. QUOTE
WE ARE GRATEFUL FOR YOUR HELP NOW. WE NEED YOUR HELP. UNQUOTE.
ON MY PART, I WENT ON TO STRESS THAT WE SOUGHT NOTHING FROM HIM EXCEPT HIS
FRIENDSHIP AND THAT WE WISHED HIM WELL. I TOLD HIM WE SOUGHT NO SPHERE OF
INFLUENCE WITH HIS NATION OR ANY OTHER COUNTRY IN THE SUB-CONTINENT. WE HOPED
NO OTHER MAJOR POWER WOULD SEEK SUCH INFLUENCE. HE RESPONDED BY SAYING THAT
WHETHER OR NOT ANYONE SOUGHT IT THEY WOULD NOT GET IT. HE WAS GRATEFUL FOR OUR
HELP AND
15. MUJIB SAID ONE OF
THE PROBLEMS THAT BROUGHT ON THE TROUBLE WAS THAT
16. I ASKED WHETHER HE
WAS TALKING ABOUT THE BIHARIS AND HE SAID QUOTE SOME OF THEM UNQUOTE. SOME OF
THEM WERE NOT LOYAL TO HIS COUNTRY AND HE THOUGHT PRESIDENT BHUTTO SHOULD TAKE
THEM. IF THEY HAVE NOT BEEN DISLOYAL TO OUR FIGHT FOR FREEDOM AND IF THEY WILL
PLEDGE THEIR LOYALTY TO US WE WOULD BE GLAD TO HAVE THEM STAY HERE. WE BELIEVE
IN DEMOCRACY, WE BELIEVE IN SOCIALISM, SECULARISM AND NATIONALISM.
17. I SAID I ASSUME THEN
THAT YOUR COUNTRY WILL HAVE NO PREJUDICE ON THE BASIS OF RELIGION. HE SAID NONE
WHATEVER. HINDUS, MUSLIMS, CHRISTIANS, WHATEVER -- IF THEY PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE TO
THIS COUNTRY AND IF THEY ARE LOYAL, WE WILL BE GLAD WE HAVE THEM.
NOTWITHSTANDING THAT SOME OF THEM WANT TO LEAVE AND DO NOT WANT TO BE PART OF
THIS COUNTRY, WE HAVE GIVEN THEM FOOD AND WE HAVE TREATED THEM LIKE THEY WERE
ALL BENGALIS.
18. COMMENT: WITHOUT
ATTEMPTING TO QUOTE HIM, HIS DISCUSSIONS REFLECTED AN ACUTE AWARENESS OF
HIS PROBLEMS OF ADMINISTRATION. THE THRUST OF MUCH OF WHAT HE SAID, INCLUDING
HIS ADAMANT STAND ON HAVING THE BENGALIS IN PAKISTAN RETURNED TO BANGLADESH,
WAS INTERPRETED BY ME TO MEAN HE WAS DESPERATE FOR THE 20,000 SOLDIERS TO COME
BACK TO HELP HIM FORM THE NUCLEUS OF HIS ARMY AND POLICE FORCE IN THE COUNTRY. HIS DESPERATE NEED FOR THE KNOWLEDGE AND THE ABILITIES OF THE CIVIL
SERVANTS, THE PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS PEOPLE. HE DID NOT EXPRESS IT IN
THESE STRONG TERMS, BUT THE CLEAR IMPLICATION WAS THAT HE NEEDED THE SOLDIERS
TO BUILD HIS ARMY AND THE BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE TO HELP HIM BUILD AN
ECONOMY. IT IS MY OWN EVALUATION, THAT THIS IS THE REAL MOTIVE FOR THE RETURN
OF THE BENGALIS, IN ADDITION, OF COURSE, TO THE EMOTIONAL DESIRES THAT ARE
APPARENT. HE CLEARLY OUTLINED THE MANY PROBLEMS THAT HAS IN TERMS OF TRYING TO
BT
Department of State TELEGRAM
O 080700Z JUL 72
FM AMEMBASSY
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 8996
BT
SECTION 3 OF 3
001731Q
July 8, 1972 7:54 a.m.
CONTO 262
BUILD A GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS. HE CLEARLY RECOGNIZES THE NEED FOR TALENT,
SKILLS AND GOOD MANAGEMENT. END COMMENT.
19. MUJIB EMPHASIZED
TIME AND AGAIN THAT HIS COUNTRY WAS BANKRUPT AND IN DESPERATE STRAITS BECAUSE
WEST PAKISTAN HAD ALWAYS ROBBED
20. IN RESPONSE TO MY
QUESTION CONCERNING THE LIQUIDATION OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES BETWEEN
21. HE SPECIFICALLY
ASKED THAT THE
22. I RESPONDED THAT WE
CANNOT ASSURE
CONNALLY
BT